The world must take major steps in the coming years to stimulate the amount of renewable energy produced and the electrification of heating demand and mobility. Algorithms and AI can make a significant difference in accelerating this transition and achieving an efficient and sustainable energy system.

Energy system complexity
The energy transition exposes the complexity of our energy system. This transition requires a complete and very complex change in the energy system. The fossil, central energy system is changing into a decentralized system based on renewable energy. To achieve a sustainable future, the system must become more 'green', but electricity production and consumption must also be in balance at all times. The digitalization and available data of energy systems have increased enormously. This makes it possible to significantly accelerate the energy transition through the use of AI. AI is already being used on a small scale, for example in the smart thermostat or charging an electric car, especially at a time when energy demand and price are low. However, the energy system as a whole is still far from smart and can become a lot more efficient through the use of AI.

Knowledge of AI
In-depth knowledge of AI provides energy and sustainability experts with important tools. Consider, for example, algorithms specially developed for controlling energy distribution systems, setting up and improving 'control' in energy infrastructure (as required for underground heat storage) and smart support for complex decision-making processes, for example when it comes to investments that have an impact on the entire energy system. Because testing solutions in practice is often not possible and is very laborious and expensive, detailed models and simulators must be developed that can accommodate some of the practical tests.

Predictions
Decisions regarding the energy transition, such as investments in infrastructure or the installation of renewable sources, depend a lot on predictions, often based on limited data, and there are many different interests. New AI technology can support these types of investment and design questions by basing them better on facts, by taking multiple interests better into account, and by explaining the choices made and related uncertainties better. Development of the required technology offers Western countries a unique opportunity to take an international lead and export this technology.

Opportunities
In addition, there are opportunities for AI in automating energy system operations, supporting energy services and predicting and automating maintenance. The use of AI also offers opportunities for other social issues related to sustainability to make a difference. For example, around health and care, education, agriculture and nutrition, the technical industry, the built environment, safety, peace and justice and the climate.

Challenges in the energy sector and around sustainability can therefore be met by using new AI solutions, which would require major investments.